Peace processes, political participation and transitional justice in Africa

Abstract

The present research uses literature that will illustrate to the readers on the main conflicts that have been presented in the African continent and in these celebrated negotiations of peace we identified the processes of political participation and the mechanisms of justice that were implemented. It was noted that in order to reach pacification in the conflicts related to political participation, the rebels were included in positions of administration and legislature, until they were integrated into the regular armed forces of the state. We also find that for the true inclusion of all the actors in conflicts, constitutional reforms have been carried out to guarantee the inclusion of the demobilized in society and the democratic election for the equal participation of all former armed organizations that have been transformed in political organi-zations. In the same way as in relation to the application of justice, we can observe that peace agreements establish amnesty for ex-combatants and in 99% of states without having to purge sentences in jail, but for the concession of the amnesty establish Transitional Courts of Justice or Special Commissions. However, to the above we also find that in some transitional processes the imposition of measures restricting freedom only against crimes against humanity.