Nocturnal activity and use of vertical space in some frugivorous bats species (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in Venezuela
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18636/bioneotropical.v7i4.689Keywords:
Assembly, Frugivorous, Sierra de Aroa, Trophic guild, Yurubí National ParkAbstract
Neotropical bats re ect a nocturnal-twilight activity rhythm, passing daytime hours in their roosts that provide them protection and favorable microclimatic conditions. Objective: We document the nocturnal and spatial activity of some species of frugivorous bats from Yurubí National Park, Venezuela. Methodology: The eld work was carried out during six months (February-June, and August), 2015. We used 10 mist nets, placed between understory (0-5 meters high) and canopy (10-20 meters high). Each individual was taxonomically identi ed and a series of data related to time and catch stratum were recorded. Results: We captured 370 individuals, belonging to 22 species and ve subfamilies. The activity for most abundant species was divided into two patterns (bimodal and unimodal). Species Artibeus planirostris, Platyrrhinus umbratus, and Sturnira adrianae, exhibited the bimodal pattern, with a maximum activity in the rst two species for the rst block of hours (18:00-20:59), and the fourth (03:00-05:59). In S. adrianae, the activity was concentrated for the second (21:00-23:59), and the last block (03:00-05:59). In contrast, individuals of Artibeus lituratus, Carollia perspicillata, Carollia brevicauda, and Vampyressa thyone, showed the unimodal pattern, with a maximum activity in the second block (21:00-23:59) and for V. thyone in the third (00:00-02:59). Conclusion: The seven species of bats studied performed a uctuating temporal activity throughout the night, concentrating the maximum activity for some hours and varying between species. As for the spatial activity, although there were no statistically signi cant di erences, apparently the species with greater corporal masses (A. lituratus, A. planirostris, and P. umbratus), showed a certain tendency to use the upper stratum of the forest to undoubtedly develop their vital activities, mainly the search and acquisition of food.
Downloads
References
Aguiar LMS, Marinho-Filho J. 2004. Activity patterns of nine phyllostomid bat species in a fragment of the Atlantic Forest in southeastern Brazil. Rev Bras Zool. 21 (2): 385-90. URL disponible en: http://www.scielo.br/scielo. php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0101-81752004000200037
Almeida MH, Ditchfield AD, Tokumaru RS. 2014. Habitat characteristics and insectivorous bat activity. Chiroptera Neotrop. 20 (2): 1264-70. URL disponible en: http://re- vistas.bvs-vet.org.br/chiroptera/article/view/29710/31896
Araujo-Reyes D, Machado M. 2016. Comunidades de murciéla- gos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) del Monumento Natural Pico Codazzi, Cordillera de la Costa Central, Venezuela. Mem Fund La Salle Cien Nat. 73 (179-80): 35-53.
Barboza-Márquez K, Aguirre LF, Pérez-Zubieta JC, Kalko EKV. 2013. Habitat use by aerial insectivorous bat in shoreline areas of Barro Colorado Nature Monument, Panama. Chi- roptera Neotrop. 19 (3): 44-56. URL disponible en: https:// www.researchgate.net/publication/295699489_Habi- tat_use_by_aerial_insectivorous_bat_in_shoreline_ar- eas_of_Barro_Colorado_Nature_Monument_Panama
Bernard E. 2001. Vertical strati cation of bat communities in primary forests of Central Amazon, Brazil. J Trop Ecol. 17 (1): 115-26. URL disponible en: https://www. researchgate.net/publication/231923491_Vertical_strati - cation_of_bat_communities_in_primary_forests_of_Central_Amazon_Brazil
Brown JH. 1968. Activity patterns in some neotropical bats. J Mammal. 49 (4): 754-7. https://www.jstor.org/sta- ble/1378737?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Cockrum EL, Cross SP. 1964. Time of bat activity over water holes. J Mammal. 45 (4): 635-6. https://academic.oup.com/ jmammal/article-abstract/45/4/635/852613
Delgado-Jaramillo MI, Machado M, García FJ, Ochoa J. 2011. Murciélagos (Chiroptera: Mammalia) del Parque Nacional Yurubí, Venezuela: listado taxonómico y estudio comu- nitario. Rev Biol Trop. 59 (4): 1757-76. URL disponible en: http://www.scielo.sa.cr/scielo.php?script=sci_arttex- t&pid=S0034-77442011000400028
Fernández-Badillo A, Ulloa G. 1990. Fauna del Parque Nacional Henri Pittier, Venezuela: composición y diversidad de la mastofauna. Act Cient Venez. 41: 50-63.
Gannon MR, Willig MR. 1997. The e ect of lunar illumination on movement and activity of the red g-eating bat (Steno- derma rufum). Biotropica 29 (4): 525-9. https://www.jstor. org/stable/2388947?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Gannon WL, Sikes RS, The Animal Care and use Committee of the American Society of Mammalogists. 2007. Guidelines of the American Society of Mammalogists for the use of wild mammals in research. J. Mammal. 88 (3): 809-23. URL disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/ article/88/3/809/1073265
García FJ, Delgado-Jaramillo M, Machado M, Aular L. 2012. Preliminary inventory of mammals from Yurubí National Park, Yaracuy, Venezuela with some comments on their natural history. Rev Biol Trop. 60 (1): 459-72. URL disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22458239
García FJ, Araujo-Reyes D, Vásquez-Parra O, Brito H, Machado M. 2015. Murciélagos (Mammalia: Chiroptera) asociados con una cueva en el Parque Nacional Yurubí, Sierra de Aroa, Estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Caldasia. 37 (2): 381- 91. URL disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index. php/cal/article/view/53986/53934
García FJ, Delgado-Jaramillo MI, Machado M, Aular L. 2016. Mamíferos de la Sierra de Aroa, Estado Yaracuy, Venezue- la: listado taxonómico y la importancia de la conservación. Mem Fund La Salle Cien Nat. 73 (179-180): 17-34. URL disponible en: https://www.researchgate.net/publica- tion/307936237_Mamiferos_de_la_Sierra_de_Aroa_es- tado_Yaracuy_Venezuela_listado_taxonomico_y_la_importancia_de_su_conservacion
Gardner AL. 1977. Feeding habits. En: Baker RJ, Jones JKJr, Carter DC (eds.). Biology of bats of the new world, family Phyllostomidae. Part 2. (Special Publications). Lubbock: Museum Texas Tech. University; pp. 293-350.
Gardner AL (ed). 2008. Mammals of South America, Volume 1: Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews and Bats. Chicago: The University of Chicago; 669 pp.
Graco Zeppelini C, Jeronimo I, Costa Rego KM, Aguiar Fracasso MP, Serramo Lopez LC. 2017. Description of whole-night activity patterns for Neotropical bats species. Act Chirop- terol. 19 (1): 155-60. URL disponible en: http://www. bioone.org/doi/abs/10.3161/15081109ACC2017.19.1.012
Halle S, Stenseth NC (eds.). 2000. Activity patterns in small mammals. An ecological approach. Ecological Studies, Vol. 141. Berlin, Heidelberg; Springer-Verlag; 320 pp. URL disponible en: http://www.springer.com/gb/ book/9783540592440
Hammer Ø, Harper DAT, Ryan PD. 2001. PAST: Paleontological statistics software package for education and data analysis. Paleontol Electron. 4 (1): 1-9. URL disponible en: http:// palaeo-electronica.org/2001_1/past/past.pdf
Henry M, Kalko EKV. 2007. Foraging strategy and breeding constraints of Rhinophylla pumilio (Phyllostomidae) in the Amazon lowlands. J Mammal. 88 (1): 81-93. URL disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/jmammal/arti- cle/88/1/81/928407
Jones C. 1965. Ecological distribution and activity periods of bats of the Mogollon Mountains area of New Mexico and adjacent Arizona. Tulane Stud Zool. 12: 93-100.
Kalko EKV, Handley COJr, Handley D. 1996. Organization, diversity, and long-term dynamics of a neotropical bat com- munity. En: Cody ML, Smallwood JA (eds.). Long-term studies of vertebrate communities. New York: Academic Press;
pp. 503-53. URL disponible en: http://www.scien- cedirect.com/science/book/9780121780753
Kalko EKV, Handley COJr. 2001. Neotropical bats in the canopy: diversity, community, structure, and implica- tions for conservation. Plant Ecol. 153 (1-2): 319-33. URL disponible en: https://link.springer.com/arti- cle/10.1023/A:1017590007861
Linares OJ. 1998. Mamíferos de Venezuela. Sociedad Conserva- cionista Audobon de Venezuela. 691 pp. URL disponible en: http://www.audubonvenezuela.org/pubicaciones/ publicaciones/54-mamiferos-de-venezuela.html
Loayza AP, Loiselle BA. 2008. Preliminary information on the home range and movement patterns of Sturnira lilium (Phyllostomidae) in a naturally fragmented landscape in Bolivia. Biotropica. 40 (5): 630-5. URL disponible en: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1744- 7429.2008.00422.x/abstract
Meyer CFJ, Weinbeer M, Kalko EKV. 2005. Home-range size and spacing patterns of Macrophyllum macrophyllum (Phyllostomidae) foraging over water. J Mammal. 86 (3): 587-98. URL disponible en: https://academic.oup.com/ jmammal/article/86/3/587/841597
Molinari J, Bustos XE, Burneo SF, Camacho MA, Moreno SA, Fermín G. 2017. A new polytypic species of yellow-shoul- dered bats, genus Sturnira (Mammalia: Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae), from the Andean and coastal mountain systems of Venezuela and Colombia. Zootaxa. 4243 (1): 75-96. URL disponible en: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ pubmed/28610172
Montaño-Centellas F, Moya MI, Aguirre LF, Galeón R, Palabral O, Hurtado R, et al. 2015. Community and species-level responses of phyllostomid bats to a disturbance gradient in the tropical Andes. Act Oecol. 62: 10-7. URL disponi- ble en: http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/ S1146609X1400126X
Montoya-Bustamante S, Rojas-Díaz V, Torres-González AM. 2016. Interactions between frugivorous bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) and Piper tuberculatum (Piperaceae) in a tropical dry forest in Valle del Cauca, Colombia. Rev Biol Trop. 64 (2): 701-13. https://revistas.ucr.ac.cr/index.php/ rbt/article/view/20689/24562
Ochoa J, Aguilera M, Soriano PJ. 1995. Los mamíferos del Parque Nacional Guatopo (Venezuela): Lista actualizada y estudio comunitario. Act Cient Venez. 46: 174-87.
Ochoa J. 2000. Efectos de la extracción de maderas sobre la di- versidad de mamíferos pequeños en bosque de tierras bajas de la Guayana Venezolana. Biotropica. 32 (1): 146-64.
Olaya Rodríguez MH. 2009. Análisis de la estrati cación ver- tical del ensamblaje de murciélagos de un fragmento de bosque seco tropical (Córdoba, Colombia) a partir de la heterogeneidad del hábitat y la ecomorfología alar. (Tra- bajo de grado). Bogotá: Facultad de Ciencias. Ponti ca Universidad Javeriana; 74 pp. URL disponible en: https:// repository.javeriana.edu.co/bitstream/handle/10554/8582/ tesis543.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Oria FV, Machado M. 2012. Comunidades de murciélagos en ambientes intervenidos del sector Papelón de la Sierra de Aroa, Estado Yaracuy, Venezuela. Mem Fund La Salle Cien Nat. 173–174: 119-33. URL disponible en: http://www. fundacionlasalle.org.ve/user les/7)%20Comunidades%20 119-133.pdf
Pina SMS, Meyer CFJ, Zortéa M. 2013. A comparison of habitat use by phyllostomid bats (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) in natural forest fragments and Eucalyptus plantations in the Brazilian Cerrado. Chiroptera Neotrop. 19 (3): 14-30. URLdisponible en: http://www.academia.edu/21557463/A_ comparison_of_habitat_use_by_bats_in_natural_fo- rest_fragments_and_Eucalyptus_plantations_in_Brazi- lian_Savanna
Presley SJ, Willig MR, Castro-Arellano I, Weaver SC. 2009. E ects of habitat conversion on temporal activity patterns of phyllostomid bats in lowland Amazonian rain forest. J Mammal. 90 (1): 210-21. URL disponible en: https:// academic.oup.com/jmammal/article/90/1/210/850542
Rex K, Michener R, Kunz TH, Voigt CV. 2011. Vertical strati - cation of Neotropical leaf-nosed bats (Chiroptera: Phyllos- tomidae) revealed by stable carbon isotopes. J Trop Ecol. 27 (3): 211-22. URL disponible en: https://www.jstor.org/ stable/23012358?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents
Rodríguez-Herrera B, Medellín RA, Timm RM. 2007. Murciéla- gos neotropicales que acampan en hojas. Santo Domingo de Heredia: Editorial INBio;178 pp. URL disponible en: https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:- 0bUEuMt2jYQJ:https://kuscholarworks.ku.edu/bitstream/ handle/1808/13705/Timm_Murcielagos_Color.pdf%3Fse- quence%3D5+&cd=1&hl=es&ct=clnk&gl=co
Sampaio E, Lim BK, Peters S. Platyrrhinus umbratus. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2016: e. T95908089A21973968. http://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN. UK.2016-3.RLTS.T95908089A21973968.en
Sampedro Marín AC, Martínez Bravo CM, De La Ossa Támara K, Otero Fuentes YL, Santos Espinosa LM, Osorio Ozuna
S, et al. 2007. Nuevos registros de especies de murciélagos para el departamento de Sucre y algunos datos sobre su
ecologíaenestaregióncolombiana.Caldasia.29(2):355- 62. URL disponible en: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index. php/cal/article/view/39202
Sampedro Marín AC, Mendoza DK. 2009. Comparación de la actividad nocturna de poblaciones de Artibeus obscurus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) que habitan en construc- ciones humanas y cuevas, en el departamento de Sucre, Colombia. RECIA. 1 (2): 202-15. URL disponible en: http://revistas.unisucre.edu.co/index.php/recia/article/ view/356/398
Vargas-Espinoza A, Aguirre LF, Galarza MI, Gareca E. 2008. Ensamble de murciélagos en sitios con diferente grado de perturbación en un bosque montano del Parque Nacional Carrasco, Bolivia. Mastozool Neotrop. 15 (2): 297-308. URL disponible en: http://www.scielo.org.ar/scielo. php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S0327-93832008000200016
Vásquez-Parra O, García FJ, Araujo-Reyes D, Brito H, Machado M. 2015. Dinámica poblacional de Pteronotus parnellii y Anoura geo royi (Mammalia: Chiroptera) en Venezuela. Ecotrópicos. 28 (1-2): 27-37. URL disponible en: http:// www.academia.edu/29352135/DIN%C3%81MICA_PO- BLACIONAL_DE_PTERONOTUS_PARNELLII_Y_ ANOURA_GEOFFROYI_MAMMALIA_CHIROPTE- RA_EN_VENEZUELA
Zárate-Martínez DG, Serrato-Díaz A, López-Wilchis R. 2012. Importancia ecológica de los murciélagos. Contactos. 85: 19-27. URL disponible en: http://www.izt.uam.mx/newpa- ge/contactos/revista/85/pdfs/murcielagos.pdf
