Some reflections about fragmentation and their challenges for research
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18636/bioneotropical.v2i1.53Keywords:
Habitat fragmentation, Ecological interactions, Latinoamerica.Abstract
Fragmentation and habitat loss are some of the major threats to biodiversity, altered ecological processes important for the regulation of ecosystems that may eventually be associated to processes of species extinction. The response of the species to these phenomena occurs at different scales of space-time, making the study of fragmentation and its effect on species in a challenge and an urgent need for the conservation. In this sense this article examines the fragmentation impacts on the ecological interactions, organizational levels and at the same time, we evaluate in a general way the state of the research on the topic in Latin America.
Downloads
References
Beckage B, Clark JS. 2005. Does predation contribute to tree diversity? Oecologia. 143: 458-69.
Bemitez-Malvido J, García-Guzmán G, Kossman-Ferraz ID.
Leaf-fungal incidence and herbivory on tree seedlings in tropical rainforest fragments: an experimental study. Biol Conserv. 91: 143-50.
Bodin Ö, Tengö M, Lundberg AN J, Elmqvist T. 2006. The value of small size: loss of forest patches and ecological thresholds in southern Madagascar. Ecol Applic. 16: 440- 51.
Cardinale BJ, Duffy JE, Gonzáles A, Hooper DU, Perrings C, Venail P, et al. 2012. Biodiversity loss and its impact on humanity. Nature. 486: 59-67.
Collinge SK. 2009. Ecology of fragmented landscape. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press.
Cordeiro NJ, Ndangalasi HJ, McEntee JP, Howe HF. 2009. Disperser limitation and recruitment of an endemic African tree in a fragmented landscape. Ecology. 90: 1030-41.
Costanza R, d’Arge R, de Groot R, Farber S, Grasso M, Hannon B, et al. 1997. The Value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital. Nature. 387: 253-60.
Cushman SA. 2006. Effects of habitat loss and fragmentation on amphibians: A review and prospectus. Biol Conservat. 128: 231-40.
De la Peña E, D’hondt B, Bonte D. 2011. Landscape structure, dispersal and the evolution of antagonistic plant-herbivore interactions. Ecography. 34: 480-7.
De la Vega J, Grez AA. 2008. Composición, riqueza de especies y abundancia de insectos defoliadores de actividad nocturna asociados a Aristotelia chilensis (maqui) en el bosque maulino fragmentado. Rev Chilena Hist Nat. 81: 221-38.
Diamond JM. 1972. Biogeographic kinetics: estimation of relaxation times for avifaunas of southwest pacific islands. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 69: 3199-203.
Didham RK, Ghazoul J, Stork NE, Davis AJ. 1996. Insects in fragmented forest: a functional approach. Trends Ecol Evol. 11: 255-60.
Economo EP, Keitt TH. 2008. Species diversity in neutral metacomunities: a network approach. Ecol Letters. 11: 52-62.
Etter A, van-Wyngaarden W. 2000. Patterns of landscape transformation in Colombia, UIT emphasis in the Andean Region. Ambio. 29: 432-9.
Estes JA, Terborgh J, Brashares JS, Power ME, Berger J, Bond WJ, et al. 2003. Effects of habitat fragmentation on biodiversity. Ann Rev Ecol Syst. 34: 487-515.
Farwig, N, Bailey D, Bochud E, Herrmann JD, Kindler E, Reusser N, et al. 2009. Isolation from forest reduces pollination, seed predation and insect scavenging in Swiss farmland. Landscape Ecol. 24: 919-27.
Fazey I, Fischer J, Lindenmayer DB. 2005. What do conservation biologists publish? Biol Conserv. 124: 63- 73.
Fisher J, Lindenmayer DB. 2007. Landscape modification and habitat fragmentation: a synthesis. Global Ecol Biogeog. 16: 265-80.
Forbes AE, Chase JM. 2002. The role of habitat connectivity and landscape geometry in experimental zooplankton metacomunities. Oikos. 96: 433-40.
García D, Zamora R, Amico GC. 2010. Birds as suppliers of seed dispersal in temperate ecosystems: conservation guidelines from real-world landscapes. Conserv Biol. 4: 1070-9.
Gibbons JW, Scott DE, Ryan TJ, Buhlmann KA, Tuberville TD, Metts BS, et al. 2000. The global decline of reptiles, déjá vu amphibians. Bioscience. 50: 653-66.
González-Gómez PL, Estades CF, Simonetti JA. 2006. Strengthened insectivory in a temperate fragmented forest. Oecologia. 148: 137-43.
Hanski I, Gaggiotti OE. 2004. Ecology, genteics, and evolution of metapopulations. San Diego: Elseviere Academic Press.
Hutchinson GE. 1957. Concluding remarks. Cold Springs Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology, 22: 415-27.
Grez A, Galetto L. 2011. Fragmentación del paisaje en América Latina: ¿en qué estamos? 63-78 En: Simonetti, J, Dirzo R (eds). Conservación biológica: perspectivas desde América Latina. Santiago: Editorial Universitaria.
Herrera JM, García D. 2009. The role of remnant trees in seed dispersal through the matrix: being alone is not always so sad. Conservat Biol. 142: 149-58.
Hobbs RJ, Yates CJ. 2003. Impacts of ecosystem fragmentation on plant populations: generalizing the idiosyncratic. Australian J Bot. 51: 471-88.
Hoekstra JM, Boucher TM, Ricketts TH, Roberts C. 2005. Confronting a biome crisis: global disparities of habitat loss and protection. Ecol Letters. 8: 23-9.
Ims RA, Rolstad J, Wegge P. 1993. Predicting space use responses to habitat fragmentation: can voles Microtus oeconomus serve as an experimental model system (EMS) for Capercaillie Grouse Tetrao urogallus in boreal forest? Biol Conservat. 63: 261-68.
Jaña-Prado R, Grez AA. 2004. Insectos herbívoros en el bosque maulino: un ecosistema fragmentado. Rev Chilena Entomol. 30: 27-43.
Kattan G H. 2002. Fragmentacion: patrones y mecanismos de extinción de especies. En: Guariguata MR, Kattan GH (eds). Ecología y conservación de bosques tropicales. San José: Ediciones LUR.
Kattan GH, Murcia C. 2003. A review and synthesis of concep- tual frameworks for the study of forest fragmentation. In: Bradshaw GA, Marquet PA (eds). Ecological estudies. Vol 162. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Kareiva PM, Marvier M. 2011. Conservation science: Balancing the needs of people and nature. Greenwood Village: Roberts and Co.
Kuussaari M, Bommarco R, Heikkinen RK, Helm A, Krauss J, Lindborg R, et al. 2009. Extinction debt: a challenge for biodiversity conservation. Trends in Ecol Evol. 24: 564- 71.
Leibold M. (2003). Ecological niches: linking classical and contemporary approaches. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lindenmayer DB, Fisher J. 2006. Habitat fragmentation and landscape change: an ecological and conservation synthesis. Washington, DC: Island Press.
MacArthur R. 1968. The theory of the niche. En: RC Lewontin (ed). Population biology and evolution. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press. Pp. 159-76.
Marsh DM, Pearman PB. 1997. Effects of habitat fragmentation on the abundance of two species of leptodactylid frogs in Andean montane forest. Conservat Biol. 11: 1323-8.
McGarigal K, Cushman SA. 2002. Comparative evaluation of experimental approaches to the study of habitat frag- mentation effects. Ecol Applicat. 12: 335-45.
Myers N, Mittermeier RA, Mittermeier CG, da Fonseca GAB, Kent J. 2000. Biodiversity hotspots for conservation. Nature. 403: 853-8.
Pineda E, Halffter G. 2004. Species diversity and habitat fragmentation: frogs in a tropical montane landscape in Mexico. Biol Conservat. 117: 499-508.
Power ME, Tilman D, Estes JA, Menge BA, Bond WJ, Mills LS, et al. 1996. Challenges in the quest for keystones. BioScience. 46: 609-20.
Sekercioglu CH, Ehrlich PR, Daily GC, Aygen D, Goehring D, Figeroa-Sandí R. 2002. Disappearance of insectivorous birds from tropical forest fragments. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA. 99: 263-7.
Soulé ME, Terborgh, J. 1999. Protecting nature at regional and continental scales: A conservation biology program for the new millennium. BioScience. 49: 809-17.
Tilman D, May RM, Lehman CL, Nowak MA. 1994. Habitat destruction and the extinction debt. Nature. 371: 65-6.
Tscharntke T, Brandl R. 2004. Plant-insect interactions in fragmented landscapes. Ann Rev Ecol Systemat. 49: 405-30.
Tylianakis JM, Didham RK, Bascompte J, Wardle DA. 2008. Global change and species interactions in terrestrial ecosystems. Ecol Letters. 12: 1351-63.
Turner IM. 1996. Species loss in fragments of tropical rain forest: A review of the evidence. J Appl Ecol. 33: 200-09.
Vergara P, Simonetti JA. 2004. Avian responses to fragmentation
of the Maulino Forest in central Chile. Oryx. 4: 1-6.
Wang, BC, Smith TB. 2002. Closing the seed dispersal loop. Trends Ecol Evolut. 17: 379-86.
Willson MF, De Santo TL, Sabag C, Armesto JJ. 1994. Avian
communities of fragmented south-temperate rainforests
in Chile. Conservat Biol. 8: 508-17
Zimmerman BL, Bierregaard RO. 1986. Relevance of the equilibrium theory of island biogeography and species- area relations to conservation with a case from Amazonia. J Biogeograp. 13: 133-43.
Zitske BP, Betts MG, Diamond AW. 2011. Negative effects of habitat loss on survival of migrant warblers in a Forest Mosaic. Conservat Biol. 5: 993-1001.